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Since October 2023, Australia has maintained it does not provide weapons to Israel, but it plays a significant role in the F-35 supply chain, with over 70 companies contributing components. These components are pooled and can be used by Israel without direct Australian approval.

Between October 2023 and September 2025, Australia documented 68 shipments of F-35 parts to Israel. Legislative changes, including the Defence Trade Controls Amendment Act 2024, allow for easier export of components to the U.S. and U.K., reducing Australia's oversight. The complexity of the F-35 global supply chain makes it difficult for Australia to block specific shipments to Israel, raising concerns about its military supply decisions.