AWS Introduces Resilient Network Graphs, Replacing Fat-Tree Architecture
AWS has transitioned to a new network architecture called Resilient Network Graphs (RNG), which adopts a random graph topology. This change, effective since April 2026, aims to improve scalability and reduce hardware costs compared to the traditional Fat-Tree model.
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AWS has implemented Resilient Network Graphs (RNG) as the standard for new data centers, replacing the Fat-Tree model. RNG utilizes a random graph topology to enhance performance by allowing for nearly double the independent paths and reducing the number of routers by 69%, leading to a 33% increase in throughput and a 40% decrease in power consumption.
Initial deployment began in late 2024 near Dublin, with further implementations in Germany and Spain. While RNG primarily supports database and general-purpose workloads, separate networks handle GPU clusters for machine learning.
This shift addresses operational challenges in implementing random topologies, a concept known since 2012 with the Jellyfish model. The impact on the industry may prompt competitors like Google and Microsoft to explore similar advancements.
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