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South Africa is urged to establish a national quantum defence strategy due to potential cybersecurity threats from future quantum computers, according to Noelle van der Waag-Cowling from Stellenbosch University. Current cryptographic methods could be compromised, as quantum computers may break encryption algorithms significantly faster than traditional supercomputers.

While South Africa has a quantum computing strategy, including government-funded projects under the South African Quantum Initiative (Saquti), there is a lack of national discourse on quantum readiness. Experts highlight the need for algorithms resistant to quantum attacks, as well as advancements in secure telecommunications networks. Limitations in current quantum technology delay predictions on when quantum computers will be capable of breaking existing encryption, leading to varied opinions on the timeline for 'Q-Day.'