Article

India's discarded smartphones are a rich source of aerospace minerals critical for aviation, yet the country lacks the infrastructure to convert these materials into fighter aircraft components. E-waste contains minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel concentrated 40 times more than natural ores.

The transformation process involves sophisticated chemistry, including acid dissolution and thermal techniques. Despite the technological potential, India currently exports its black mass and purified minerals due to insufficient manufacturing capabilities. Experts argue that building large processing facilities is vital for India to stop relying on foreign supply chains and to capitalize on its e-waste.