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The McDermitt Caldera in Oregon is believed to hold a lithium deposit worth approximately $1.5 trillion, with estimates of 20 to 40 million metric tons of lithium. Local debates arise over the environmental impact of extraction, especially concerning wildlife and cultural sites.

HiTech Minerals Inc. has proposed adding infrastructure to explore lithium in Malheur County, which is economically disadvantaged. Concerns include habitat destruction for sensitive species and potential water issues from mining.

While the U.S. aims to reduce dependence on foreign lithium, balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability remains contentious. Activists call for a careful approach to resource extraction.