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A submarine data center can save up to 90% of energy used for cooling servers. China is testing a medium-sized underwater data center near Shanghai, with clients including China Telecom. The project, funded by the Chinese government, aims for 95% renewable energy sourcing.

Microsoft previously tested this concept with Project Natick from 2015 to 2020. Other experiments include a commercial project in Hainan, China, by Shenzhen HiCloud Data Centre Technology, featuring 24 server racks. Concerns over AI's energy use and water consumption in data centers are also highlighted.