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Québec aims to reduce its energy footprint while optimizing key economic sectors, including natural resource exploitation. This ambition faces challenges due to energy-intensive infrastructures like artificial intelligence and data centers.

In April, Québec allocated $11 million to support businesses in technological transitions, with potential additional investments of $125 million in AI by 2027. The province houses 22 critical materials necessary for energy and technology transitions.

Meanwhile, Hydro-Québec states it needs 150 to 200 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity—twice its current production capacity—to ensure the energy transition. Concerns arise as industrial consumers face electricity allocation issues while the government seeks new clients.

The energy consumption of high-tech sectors remains under-researched, with predictions indicating AI's share of data center electricity consumption could rise from 15% in 2025 to 35% by 2030. Experts argue for aligning technological usage with environmental goals.