Article

SNCF's TGV-M Avelia Horizon train, intended for high-speed service in France, is incompatible with Italian tunnels, a problem arising from historical decisions. The transition from gas turbines to electric trains following the 1973 oil crisis led to the creation of the TGV, which later evolved into the double-deck TGV Duplex.

These design choices, combined with the lack of demand for Alstom's AGV model, resulted in the current design shortcomings. Although the Avelia Horizon is a modernized version of the Duplex, it retains issues related to loading gauge and accessibility, limiting its operational flexibility in international markets.