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Spain aims to eliminate diesel traction by electrifying its national railway network as part of its new Indicative Strategy, contributing to climate neutrality by 2050. The Directorate-General for the Railway Sector is assessing electrification needs for non-electrified lines.

The railway network managed by Adif spans 11,672 km, with 57.5% electrified. A public consultation launched by the Ministry of Transport aims to explore alternatives like battery-powered and hydrogen-powered trains, with a deadline of October 2025. A hydrogen-based bi-mode prototype train was tested on various lines, including Zaragoza-Canfranc, as part of the European FCH2RAIL project.