Study on Copper(II) Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in RAW264.7 Macrophages
The study investigates the effects of soluble copper(II) chloride on RAW264.7 macrophages, focusing on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genotoxicity. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of CuCl₂ for 24 hours, with evaluations of cell viability, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and DNA damage conducted through various assays.
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RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with soluble copper(II) chloride (CuCl₂) to examine oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Cells were exposed to CuCl₂ concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µM for 24 hours.
Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and genotoxicity was evaluated through micronucleus formation and alkaline comet assays. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and sub-G1 DNA content analysis.
Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed through membrane potential measurement and cytochrome c release. Additionally, intracellular ROS levels and caspase activities were quantified, indicating significant cellular effects due to CuCl₂ exposure.
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