Australia's Oversight Challenge in Satellite Ownership and Operations
Australia's Space Launches and Returns Act 2018 does not govern the ongoing operations of foreign-acquired satellites, exposing the nation to liability risks. As Australia prepares to launch its own satellites and become a launching state, it faces a critical oversight gap that could lead to significant international obligations without adequate control mechanisms.

HEO's acquisition of Continuum-1 marks Australia's first dedicated satellite under local ownership, but raises concerns over regulatory oversight. The Space Launches and Returns Act 2018 does not encompass operational control of satellites purchased from foreign entities, leaving Australia without means to ensure compliance with international treaty obligations.
As Australia transitions to a launching state, it risks perpetual liability for satellites that it no longer controls. The proposed three-layer regulatory framework aims to address these challenges, incorporating on-orbit transfer authorizations and performance bonds to secure compliance and mitigate risks without imposing undue barriers to legitimate operators. The urgency for this framework is underscored by the increasing complexity of satellite operations and transactions in the evolving global space market.




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