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The California Coastal Act, enacted in 1976, has shaped coastal development and public access over the last 50 years, establishing the California Coastal Commission to balance development and environmental protection. It requires permits for coastal projects, prohibiting harm to wetlands, views, and sensitive habitats.

The commission has approved 99% of projects while denying those with significant environmental impacts, such as a proposed toll road extension and a desalination project due to adverse effects on marine life. The act has preserved California's coast as a public resource, contrasting with privatized coastlines elsewhere. The California State Coastal Conservancy, also celebrating 50 years, has contributed to coastal conservation and public access initiatives.