Carbon Capture Technologies Evolve with Focus on Biogenic CO2 Utilization in Europe
Carbon capture technologies in Europe are evolving with a focus on biogenic CO2 utilization, as seen in initiatives by Nordic companies like Finland's Metsä Group and Sweden's Södra. Currently, 125 biogas plants capture 1.17 million tonnes of biogenic CO2 annually, with projections to exceed 2 million tonnes by 2027, and potential capture of up to 89 million tonnes by 2040 from EU biomethane plants. Policymakers are navigating the balance between fossil fuel use and effective CO2 removal strategies.
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Carbon capture technology has been utilized since the 1920s, initially for separating CO2 from methane in fossil gas. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) emerged in the 1970s, while the concept of carbon capture and storage (CCS) was introduced in 1977.
Various post-combustion technologies, including solvent-based scrubbing and solid sorbents, are under research to enhance capture rates and reduce energy consumption. Policymakers face challenges balancing fossil fuel use and CO2 removal.
The application of CCS in biomass-fired plants results in net CO2 removals. Biorefineries can lower carbon intensity through CO2 capture from fermentation. Nordic companies, including Finland's Metsä Group and Sweden's Södra, are planning carbon capture initiatives.
Currently, 125 biogas plants in Europe capture 1.17 million tonnes of biogenic CO2 annually, with expectations to exceed 2 million tonnes by 2027. By 2040, EU biomethane plants could capture up to 89 million tonnes of biogenic CO2, contributing significantly to the EU's carbon capture targets.
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