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China's People's Liberation Army conducted military drills around Taiwan from December 29-30, 2025, as part of 'Justice Mission-2025' to assert sovereignty and deter separatist forces. The exercise included 130 air sorties and long-range rocket firing, with 10 rockets landing in Taiwan's contiguous zone.

Previous drills were triggered by U.S. political visits and arms sales. Taiwan criticized the drills as provocative, while the U.S. and EU expressed concerns about regional tensions. Taiwan proposed a multi-layered air defense system amid political challenges in military infrastructure development.