China Expands Trade and Investment in Africa Amid Demographic Shifts
China's trade with Africa reached a record $348.05 billion in 2025, marking its 16th consecutive year as Africa's top trading partner. The implementation of zero tariffs on imports from 53 African nations starting May 1, 2026, aims to enhance bilateral trade within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.
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In 2025, China recorded a historical trade volume of $348.05 billion with Africa, with exports at $225.03 billion and imports at $123.02 billion, resulting in a $102.1 billion trade deficit. Starting May 1, 2026, China will apply zero tariffs to goods from 53 African nations, boosting trade under its Belt and Road Initiative.
China's cumulative debt to Africa is around $61 billion, with significant amounts owed by Angola, Ethiopia, and Zambia. Investments in Africa surged by nearly 20% from 2024, focusing on infrastructure, critical minerals, and renewable energy. Countries like Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Africa are key beneficiaries, while overall trade with the Middle East exceeds $400 billion.
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