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Chinese researchers have introduced a new sodium-sulphur (Na-S) battery design that may outperform lithium-ion batteries in price and performance. The 'anode-free' Na-S battery operates at room temperature with a discharge voltage of approximately 3.6 volts, significantly higher than previous Na-S models.

The prototype can achieve energy densities exceeding 2,000 watt-hours per kilogram with a catalyst, comparable to leading lithium batteries. Utilizing low-cost materials like sodium, sulphur, aluminium, and a chlorine-based electrolyte, the production cost is estimated at around A$7.50 per kilowatt-hour.

The technology reportedly withstands about 1,400 charge-discharge cycles and retains 95% of its charge after over a year. However, challenges remain, including the corrosive nature of the electrolyte and the need for further development for commercial use. Successful industrialization could lower renewable energy storage costs and alleviate pressure on lithium resources.