Comparative Study of Inclusion Characterization Methods in Steelmaking
The study evaluates various methods for characterizing non-metallic inclusions in steelmaking, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of each. The electrolytic extraction (EE) method emerged as the most reliable, leading to a comparative analysis with the Pulse Distribution Analysis with Optical Emission Spectroscopy (PDA/OES) method.
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This research assessed methods for on-line characterization of non-metallic inclusions during steelmaking, including cross-section (CS), cross-section after etching (CSE), bromine-methanol extraction (BME), and electrolytic extraction (EE). The EE method was identified as the most stable and accurate, allowing reliable comparisons with the PDA/OES method.
Detected size ranges for inclusions in low-alloyed steel grades were established as 2.0-5.7 μm and 1.4-5.7 μm pre- and post-Ca addition. The study also found strong correlations between inclusion sizes in the liquid steel and clogging materials from nozzles, suggesting transformation effects during processing. Findings may enhance on-line monitoring and parameter selection in steel production.
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