India Suspends Indus Waters Treaty Amidst Tensions with Pakistan and China
In April 2025, India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty following a terror attack, using water resources as a strategic tool amid rising tensions with Pakistan and China. The Eurasia Group's report highlights this move as a significant global risk to Pakistan's food security, while India has been accused of violating treaty norms by manipulating river flows. Additionally, India rejected China's claims over the Shaksgam Valley, asserting the illegality of the 1963 Pakistan-China agreement.
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In April 2025, India declared the Indus Waters Treaty 'in abeyance' after a terror attack, shifting water discourse to strategic leverage. The Eurasia Group's 'Top Risks 2026' Report identifies this as a global political risk, threatening Pakistan's food security.
India has manipulated river flows and accelerated development of hydroelectric projects on the Chenab, violating treaty norms. The Court of Arbitration affirmed the treaty's validity, emphasizing that political grievances cannot justify weaponizing water. Concurrently, India rejected China's claim over Shaksgam Valley, deeming the 1963 Pakistan-China agreement illegal and asserting its territorial rights.
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