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Indonesia's Ministry of National Development Planning, Bappenas, partnered with the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences in January 2026 to develop Low Emission Palm Oil Mills (PaMER), which could reduce emissions by up to 79%. Despite this, upstream deforestation and peatland drainage remain critical issues, as millions of hectares of tree cover have been lost since 2001.

Experts recommend that China cease funding biofuel projects linked to deforestation and impose strict financing conditions, including zero deforestation commitments, securing indigenous land rights, and full supply chain disclosure. Implementing these measures can enhance sustainable palm oil production while protecting ecosystems and community rights.