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In Karimun, Indonesia, shadow fleet operations are prevalent, with unflagged tankers manipulating identities to avoid detection and sanctions. This vulnerability was discussed at a meeting between UK officials and Indonesia's Maritime Studies Center on January 27, 2026.

The UK delegation, led by Royal Navy's Lieutenant Commander Nelson McMillan, highlighted anomalies in cargo activities at a private terminal in Karimun, linked to a UAE-based company associated with a Russian energy giant. Tankers are suspected of swapping fuel oil for crude oil to evade G7 sanctions.

Indonesian officials acknowledge gaps in maritime surveillance, which are compounded by data governance issues across 13 maritime security agencies. The UK proposed a centralized data solution for threat detection. Experts call for improved radar technology and regional cooperation through ASEAN initiatives to monitor suspicious maritime activities effectively.