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Since October 2021, Iran has signed contracts with Russia worth approximately $2.7 billion for military equipment, including ballistic and anti-aircraft missiles. Overall, Russia has spent over $4 billion on Iranian military supplies, including Shahed-136 drones.

The partnership between Moscow and Tehran has strengthened since the onset of the war in Ukraine, driven by sanctions against Russia. Iran also signed a $1.75 billion contract in early 2023 for drone technology. Despite a strategic partnership agreement in January 2025, no mutual defense pact was included, and Russia did not support Iran during external strikes last year.