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Israel is pursuing a NIS 200 billion infrastructure program led by the Metro project, but faces significant execution challenges. Despite a 19% population growth since 2015, congestion on Israel's roads has increased due to a 36% rise in vehicles, highlighting an infrastructure crisis.

The Aaron Institute suggests that doubling investment to 2% of GDP is necessary to improve productivity. The Metro project, involving 150 kilometers of tunnels and 16,000 foreign workers, is set to begin excavation in 2028, but faces logistical issues, including a lack of available workers and materials.

Concurrently, the Ministry of Defense is launching large, confidential projects that may divert resources from the Metro. Additionally, railway projects, including a high-speed connection between Beersheva and Tel Aviv, are experiencing delays, complicating the overall infrastructure landscape.