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Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry published an action plan in May 2025 aimed at enhancing economic security through industrial and technological foundations. Key elements include developing autonomous digital infrastructure, advanced semiconductors, and clean energy technologies.

The plan emphasizes the importance of international collaboration to secure Japan's supply chains and address export challenges. Additionally, Japan is set to overhaul its intelligence framework by establishing a National Intelligence Agency and introducing anti-spy legislation to counter foreign influence, particularly from China and Russia. This includes a mandatory foreign agents registration system, drawing on models from the U.S. and UK, to enhance counterintelligence and protect national interests.