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Libya deployed 2,500 troops to support the Uganda Army (UA) in January 1979 during the conflict with Tanzania, which had escalated following Uganda's October 1978 incursion. The Tanzanian People's Defence Force (TPDF) and allied Ugandan groups, such as Kikoosi Maalum and Fronasa, began attacks against the UA, leading to rapid advances towards Kampala.

Reports indicated the Libyan troops arrived with heavy military equipment, including tanks and artillery. Despite this support, TPDF and its allies captured key towns and continued their offensive against the UA.