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The Lockheed L-188 Electra was the last American commercial airliner without autopilot, produced until 1961 with 170 units built. It was launched by American Airlines in 1959 and operated until the early 1970s, facing performance issues and public safety concerns due to accidents.

The aircraft underwent modifications to improve safety but was ultimately replaced by smaller jets. Autopilot technology has since advanced, allowing modern airliners to manage entire flights, with integration of AI to optimize performance and safety. The US Air Force is also exploring AI in fighter jets to enhance combat capabilities.