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Malawi has agreed to a 40-year carbon-credit arrangement covering 550,000 hectares of public forest, amounting to nearly 6% of its land area, with Trafigura, which will pay up to $100 million for exclusive rights to market carbon credits. The project aims to restore forests and generate revenue, but concerns have arisen regarding the absence of legal frameworks, benefit-sharing terms, and potential constraints on future governance.

The deal could produce over 30 million tonnes of carbon removal credits, potentially generating $1.5 billion. Critics emphasize the need for clear regulations and community involvement to avoid conflicts and ensure fairness.