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NorthWestern Energy's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) has been criticized for insufficient emphasis on renewable energy sources and an overreliance on data centers. The IRP outlines the utility's strategy to meet energy needs for the next 20 years and is updated every three years.

While NorthWestern has signed letters of intent for up to 1,400 megawatts of power to support infrastructure growth, critics argue that the plan does not adequately address the rise in demand from data centers. The plan anticipates a 13% reduction in costs per megawatt-hour in a 150 MW scenario, but critics highlight that costs may increase for consumers due to the reliance on data centers.

Currently, wind and solar comprise about 26% of Montana's energy, mostly contracted rather than owned by NorthWestern. The utility plans to transition to nuclear power by 2043 and aims for net zero carbon emissions by 2050, yet climate change concerns are minimally addressed in the IRP. Public feedback sessions have been held, with many advocating for a greater focus on renewables.