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A military confrontation between India and Pakistan from May 7 to May 10, 2025, triggered by a terrorist attack in Kashmir, ended in a ceasefire after four days. India conducted missile strikes under Operation Sindoor, targeting terrorist infrastructure, while Pakistan responded with counter-strikes.

Following the conflict, Pakistan's arms exports reached nearly $10 billion in 2025, with significant contracts including a $4 billion agreement for JF-17 fighters with Libya and additional deals with Azerbaijan and Sudan. This shift positions Pakistan as a notable arms exporter, challenging narratives of its military setbacks.

Concurrently, India has approached Russia for an additional S-400 missile system regiment after claims of damage during the conflict, highlighting the system's strategic role in India's air defense amid regional tensions. The situation reflects ongoing geopolitical dynamics and the evolving balance of power in South Asia.