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Russia established its navy in 1696 and created the Black Sea Fleet in 1783, with Sevastopol as its base. Throughout its history, the fleet has faced significant challenges, including defeats in the Russo-Japanese War and mutinies during the Russian Revolution.

Currently, the Black Sea Fleet consists of approximately 40 vessels, including missile cruisers, destroyers, and submarines, most of which are over 30 years old. Plans are in place to acquire new submarines and frigates in the coming years. The fleet is also set to receive Mistral-class helicopter carriers, enhancing its operational capabilities.