Satellite Reusability: Evolving Beyond Launchers in the Space Economy

The traditional satellite lifecycle involves design, launch, and a limited operational period, culminating in deorbiting, which incurs high recurring costs. As the industry faces increasing congestion in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and rising space debris, the move towards orbital reusability is becoming essential.

Technologies such as in-orbit servicing and refueling are advancing, exemplified by Northrop Grumman's Mission Extension Vehicle (MEV). New business models like servicing-as-a-service and orbital refueling may lower entry barriers for new operators.

However, the transition from a linear to a circular economy in space remains complex and requires further development and regulation. The sustainability of space operations hinges on effective management of existing assets and reducing the frequency of launches.