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A study by Forum Ökologisch‑Soziale Marktwirtschaft (FÖS) for Green Planet Energy finds gas-fired electricity could cost up to €0.67/kWh, influenced by externalized costs. Levelized costs for gas-fired plants are around €0.192/kWh, rising to €0.35-€0.67/kWh when including external costs and potential geopolitical crises.

The study critiques gas plants as expensive backup options for Germany's renewable grid, showing renewable energy remains below €0.10/kWh. It emphasizes the need for subsidies to make gas plants profitable, with potential emissions from new plants leading to significant climate damages. Renewable alternatives like bioenergy and green hydrogen offer lower costs without geopolitical risks.