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Experts warn that Donald Trump's interest in Greenland could lead to the exploitation of its critical mineral resources, deemed essential for green energy. A 2023 study identified 25 of the 34 minerals classified as critical by the European Commission in Greenland, which contains between 36 and 42 million tons of rare earth oxides, second only to China.

The International Energy Agency highlights the importance of minerals like lithium, nickel, and cobalt for battery performance. Trump’s administration aims to reduce U.S. dependence on China, which processes over 90% of global rare earths.

In March 2025, Trump signed an executive order to boost U.S. mineral production using the Defense Production Act. However, experts note that Greenland lacks the infrastructure for industrial-scale mining, making extraction costly and logistically challenging. Analysts argue that Trump's interest may be less about minerals and more about U.S. territorial expansion and geopolitical strategy.