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The US-Malaysia trade agreement, signed in October 2025, emphasizes a framework where powerful nations dictate data access for technology firms, positioning US corporations centrally in Malaysia's digital economy. By mandating the cross-border transfer of data and prohibiting discriminatory digital services taxes, the agreement limits national control over data.

This model reflects a broader trend affecting the Global South, where foreign companies dominate data, cloud services, and AI systems, shaping economic futures. The Digital Bandung initiative aims to unify Global South countries to establish shared digital standards and enhance regional capabilities.

The Democratic Republic of Congo's cobalt resources exemplify the extractive nature of both mineral and data economies. Collective regional action is essential for negotiating with multinational tech firms and achieving digital sovereignty. Recent infrastructure disruptions highlight Africa's vulnerability, emphasizing the need for regional data centers and public oversight of data as a national resource.