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In January 2026, India classified coking coal as a Critical and Strategic Mineral under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. This policy aims to reduce import dependence, strengthen mineral security, and support domestic steel production in line with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047 initiatives.

Despite holding approximately 37.37 billion tonnes of coking coal reserves, India currently meets about 95% of its steel sector's coking coal needs through imports. The classification allows the government to enhance mining regulations and promote exploration while exempting critical minerals from public consultation requirements.

This reform is expected to boost domestic production, conserve foreign exchange, and generate employment in related sectors. Royalties and auction premiums from mining will continue to benefit state governments, ensuring equitable revenue distribution.