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Indigenous communities in Indonesia face threats from climate projects despite recognition at COP30. Projects like a geothermal plant in Poco Leok and a bioenergy project in Merauke endanger Indigenous lands.

The Indonesian government aims to recognize 1.4 million hectares of customary forests but has received maps for 33.6 million hectares, highlighting the need for genuine involvement from Indigenous peoples. In 2025, 135 cases of land seizure resulted in the loss of 3.8 million hectares.

AMAN reported increasing violence and criminalization against Indigenous communities linked to development projects. Policies may exacerbate conflicts, and discussions on Indigenous rights were minimal at COP30, even as 11 countries committed to global tenure rights.