Article

In 2022, the NASF Foundation Research Board initiated a project on electrodeposition for hydrogen fuel cells and electrolysis cells. By Q4 2025, the UTD research group shifted focus to printable electronics.

This final report outlined three objectives: clarifying the confined printing transfer process, establishing printing parameters for various geometries, and measuring the electrical conductivity of printed copper lines. A three-step transfer sequence was identified for reliable pattern release. The confined printing method resulted in continuous copper films with resistivities near bulk copper levels at 3.39 μΩ·cm, validating its effectiveness for high-quality conductive patterning.