Pakistan Threatened India With Nuclear Weapons Prior to 1998 Amid Nuclear Arms Race

India's nuclear program faced challenges from economic constraints and international treaties, leading to delayed weaponization. Pakistan threatened India with nuclear weapons at least three times before 1998, while China's support for Pakistan's missile program increased regional tensions. India's nuclear ambitions evolved through various leaderships, culminating in the 1998 tests as reactions to the permanent Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the nuclear capabilities of neighboring countries.

Published Mar 23, 2026

Pakistan threatened India with nuclear weapons at least three times before 1998, contributing to a heavily nuclearized environment. India faced economic challenges which delayed its nuclear weapons program, despite internal advocacy for developing capabilities.

AI-curated by Theia

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) made permanent in 1995 established a discriminatory framework, solidifying Pakistan's status as a de facto nuclear state while limiting India's options. India ultimately conducted nuclear tests in 1998 as a response to regional threats and the evolving international landscape, including China’s support for Pakistan’s missile program.