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By 2025, wind and solar energy collectively surpassed fossil fuel electricity production in the EU, as reported by Ember. Coal usage has diminished significantly, but fossil fuels still contribute to 75% of the EU's greenhouse gas emissions.

A study from the Potsdam Institute indicates that achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 may be unrealistic, as complete fossil fuel elimination isn't feasible due to their continued necessity in industries like chemicals and aviation. A 90% reduction in fossil fuel consumption is possible, but significant challenges remain, including the need for carbon-neutral fuels. While fossil fuel reliance is expected to decline, rare metal extraction for renewables poses environmental risks.