Article

Desalination facilities generate over 140 million cubic meters of brine daily, increasing environmental sustainability concerns. Best practices focus on optimizing marine discharge systems, utilizing submarine outfalls with multiport diffusers to dilute brine effectively.

Improvements in reverse osmosis membranes and energy recovery devices have enhanced recovery rates, reducing brine volume. Innovations like zero liquid discharge, tested in Australia and Europe, demonstrate the potential of brine as a secondary resource.

Pilot studies show successful mineral recovery and the use of diluted brines in aquaculture. Energy integration with renewable sources enhances process efficiency. Despite challenges in economic viability and regulations, there is a shift towards recognizing brine as a valuable resource.