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Sustainable aviation fuel startup Twelve has laid off 170 employees, nearly half its workforce, in two rounds of layoffs as it faces challenges in completing its first commercial production facility. The most recent layoff, affecting 76 workers, occurred at the end of October, following an earlier reduction of 94 staff in December 2024.

The company is grappling with policy changes that have impacted its business model, focusing on converting captured carbon dioxide into low-emissions jet fuel. Twelve's spokesperson noted the layoffs are part of necessary structural changes amidst market forces and development costs.