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In late 2023, federal agents discovered that Chinese state-backed hackers had infiltrated Littleton, Massachusetts's water system, aiming to disrupt U.S. security. In February 2024, the U.S. government revealed more about Volt Typhoon, a Chinese hacking group that has compromised critical infrastructure across various sectors since at least 2021, employing stealthy techniques that mimic legitimate activities.

This pattern reflects China's strategy to weaken adversaries' communication and operational capabilities before conflicts arise. The U.S. has recognized these threats, prompting initiatives like the Biden administration's 2022 National Defense Strategy, which promotes resilience against cyber attacks.

However, progress has been inconsistent, with significant vulnerabilities remaining in critical infrastructure. To strengthen defenses, the U.S. must enhance cooperation between federal and state entities, improve private sector resilience, and foster a more prepared public. Implementing a total defense strategy is essential to address emerging threats and safeguard national security.