ETH Zurich and Empa Create Recyclable Fire Retardant Building Material from Sawdust and Struvite

ETH Zurich and Empa have developed a fire-retardant, recyclable building material using sawdust and struvite, controlled by an enzyme from watermelon seeds. This innovation reduces waste, extends wood byproducts' lifecycle, and lowers environmental impact. The composite shows strong mechanical properties, enhanced fire resistance, and supports circular economy principles by being reusable as fertilizer. Further development is needed for cost optimization and commercial viability.

Published Mar 21, 2026

Researchers from ETH Zurich and Empa have created a novel fire-retardant and recyclable building material from sawdust and struvite, utilizing an enzyme from watermelon seeds to manage the binding process. This composite, which is more durable and environmentally friendly than traditional materials, shows significant mechanical strength and improved fire resistance, delaying ignition.

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Testing with the Polytechnic University of Turin indicates that it can withstand heat exposure three times longer than untreated wood. The material can be broken down and reused, supporting circular economy practices. Future efforts will focus on scaling production and reducing costs, particularly by sourcing struvite from wastewater treatment facilities.