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India is advancing its nuclear energy program through small modular reactors (SMRs) under the SHANTI Act, passed in December 2025, allowing private sector involvement. The government aims to develop at least five SMRs by 2033, with a target of 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047.

The initiative seeks to meet climate targets and bolster energy demand amid skepticism about SMRs' commercial viability. Currently, two SMRs operate in Russia, with China constructing more. The act aligns India's nuclear framework with global standards, facilitating foreign investment and partnerships, particularly with the U.S., to enhance nuclear technology and safety systems.